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Original headline: Africa economic resilience masks rising inflation threat and fragile buffers , IMF warns
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IMF board member Marnix van Rij, representing the Netherlands, warns that cyberattacks pose a growing major threat to Dutch infrastructure, with the Port of Rotterdam, power grid and payment systems at risk of being brought to a standstill. The IMF ranks cyber threats among its main risks to global financial stability, alongside mounting government debt and a possible bubble in AI-related stocks. Van Rij says AI is both a driver of growth and a serious risk, since current models can already hack computer systems independently. He says governments, banks and other organisations must invest enough in cyber resilience, and that smaller businesses are especially vulnerable, welcoming existing Dutch subsidy schemes for them. A major cyber incident at Albert Heijn this week has raised concern in the Netherlands, though he was reluctant to assess how well prepared the country is.
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The IMF warned that the global economy risks quickly exhausting its resilience as emergency fuel reserves run low and public debt hits record highs. Its updated World Economic Outlook raised 2026 global growth slightly to 3.1% from 3.0% in July, while holding 2027 at 3.4%, though risks remain tilted to the downside. The Fund cited Russia's war against Ukraine, Middle East conflict, the COVID-19 aftermath and commodity volatility as major shocks. The US Strategic Petroleum Reserve has fallen to its lowest operating level since 1982, and near-record sovereign debt limits governments' room to subsidise energy. In Europe, eurozone growth is projected at 1.1% in 2026 and 1.2% in 2027, with inflation still above the ECB's 2% target and core inflation not expected to normalise until mid-2028, while France grows just 0.4% as unemployment rises toward 8.4%.
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