A tariff is a tax on imported goods, paid to U.S. Customs and Border Protection by the importer of record, though who ultimately bears the cost is a separate question. Studies of the 2018 and 2019 tariffs on steel, aluminum, washing machines and Chinese goods found nearly the full cost was passed through to U.S. importers and often consumers, while foreign exporters cut prices only modestly. Tariffs can also raise prices for domestic producers of the protected goods, add costs for industries using imported inputs, and provoke retaliation, as China's 2018 response forced the government to pay farmers tens of billions of dollars in aid. Presidents rely on laws including Section 232, Section 301, Section 201 and IEEPA, which was used in 2025 for broad tariffs and challenged in court up to the Supreme Court. The article advises checking the current status of those tariffs, since they have changed repeatedly.
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