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Protests spread across Europe, unrest flares up in France

Protests against rising living costs, deteriorating public services and government policies spread across several European countries on October 31. According to the French Interior Ministry, about 320,000 people joined marches nationwide, including 70,000 in Paris, down from 410,000 the previous week; clashes broke out in some cities, where police used tear gas. In Germany, protests called by the "Gen Z regelt" movement in 34 cities turned violent in Frankfurt, where masked individuals damaged and looted at least two shops. In Lisbon, thousands demanded that the government withdraw a housing bill; Prime Minister Luis Montenegro rejected the demand but left room for amendments. The unrest in France comes as public debt nears 120% of GDP, Fitch revised its outlook to negative, and retailers' losses exceeded 1 billion euros.

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Original headline: Biểu tình lan rộng tại châu Âu, khói lửa vẫn cháy bùng ở Pháp

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